Microparticle formulations alter the toxicity of fenofibrate to the zebrafish Danio rerio embryo

A wide variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients are released into the environment and pose a threat to aquatic organisms. Drug products using micro- nanoparticle technology can lower these emissions by their increased bioavailability human patients. However, due this enhanced efficacy, nanoscale drug delivery systems potentially display an even higher toxicity, thus also risk non-target Fenofibrate is lipid-regulating agent exhibits species-related hazards in fish. The ecotoxic effects fenofibrate formulation embedded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose microparticle matrix, as well those excipients used process, were evaluated. To compare without formulation, was dispersed diluted ISO water alone or dissolved solvent DMF then added water. various treatments assessed fish embryo toxicity test, acridine orange staining gene expression analysis quantitative RT polymerase chain reaction. Exposure concentrations chemical analysis. effect threshold precipitates compared formulation. 20%-ISO-water displayed lowest toxicity. For for solution, greater observed zebrafish embryos. solutions revealed that more present samples with solution This could explain ecotoxicity. toxic on suggested fenofibrate.